Description

Vertical – 1 : Major – Mandatory : Marketing

IKS in Kautilya’s Trading Philosophy

T.Y.B.Com. (Management Studies) : Semester V

As Per NEP 2020 (w.e.f. the Academic Year 2026-27)

Syllabus

Module 1 : Foundations of Kautilyan Economics and Trade
♦ The Context of Wealth: From Dharma to Dividend : Traditional Goal of Artha (Material Prosperity) to Indian Merchant-Bankers (like the Jagat Seths), the Primacy of the Treasury (Kosa) to Mercantilism as the Source of State Power
♦ The Science of Livelihood: De-industrialization and Varta, Definition of Varta (Economics / Livelihood), Agriculture, Cattle-Rearing, and Trade, their Role in State Revenues
♦ Market Organization: From Panyadhyaksha to Agency Houses: The Role of the Panyadhyaksha (Superintendent of Commerce) in Managing Markets, the Structure of Urban and Regional Market Places, Agency Houses and Bazaar System
♦ Private vs. State Enterprise: Kautilya’s Mixed Economy Model, State Monopolies (Mines, Salt) Versus Private Allowance in Agriculture and Crafts

Module 2 : Price Determination and Market Regulation
♦ Pricing and Global Demand, Samyak Vyapara, Kautilya’s Awareness of Supply, Demand, and Cost of Production in Price Setting; Preventing Arbitrary Price Fixation
♦ Profit Regulation: Prescribed Maximum Allowable Profit Margins Based on Risk, Internal Transit Duties
♦ Anti-Fraud Measures: Detailed Penalties for Hoarding, Adulteration, and False Weights and Measures (Standardization was Key)
♦ Monopoly, Gluts, and Cartel Control: Policies to Prevent Merchants from combining to Raise Prices, The State’s Intervention during Market Gluts (Over-Production)